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Tuesday, September 8, 2009

Mandarin Lesson

Conversation 1 : Who is it?

- Shéi
ya ?
呀?
Děng
yíhuìr.
一会儿。

- Shì
wǒ,
我,
Xiǎo
Wáng.
王。

- Qǐng
jìn.
进。
Qǐng
zuò.
坐。
Qǐng
chá.
茶。

- Xièxie !
谢谢!
àirén
爱人
zài
jiā
ma ?
吗?

- Zài.
在。
jièshào
介绍
yíxià,
一下,
zhè
shì
àirén.
爱人。
ya(part)(a modal particle)
děng(v)wait
一会儿yíhuìr(n)a little while
xiǎo(adj)little young
qǐng(v)please
jìn(v)enter
zuò(v)sit
爱人àirén(n)husband, wife
zài(v)be at
jiā(n)home, family
介绍jièshào(n)introduce
一下yíxià(n)once, a bit

Translation

- Who ( is it ) ? Wait a moment.
- It's me, "young" Wang.
- Please come in, have a sit, have some tea.
- Thank you! Is your wife home?
- Yes, let me introduce you, this is my wife.

Conversation 2 : How many people are they in your family?

-
jiā
yǒu
kǒu
rén ?
人?

-
kǒu
rén,
人,
hái
yǒu
fùmǔ
父母

háizi.
孩子。

- Tīngshuō
听说
yǒu
jiějie
姐姐
shì
ma ?
吗?

- Shì
a.
zài
Běijīng
北京
gōngzuò.
工作。

-
zuò
shénme
什么
gōngzuò ?
工作?

-
shì
dàifu.
大夫。

-
zài
yīyuàn
医院
gōngzuò ?
工作?

-
zài
Běijīng
北京
Yīyuàn
医院
gōngzuò.
工作。
kǒu(m)(a measure word)
父母fùmǔ(n)parents
听说tīngshuō(v)be told
a(part)(a modal particle)
工作gōngzuò(v)work


(n)job
大夫dàifu(n)doctor
医院yīyuàn(adj)hospital

Translation

- How many people are they in your family? ( Your family have how many people ? )
- 5 people, with my parents and one child.
- I've heard you have an elder sister, is it true?
- Yes she works in Beijing.
- What does she do ( for a work ) ?
- She is a doctor.
- In which hospital does she work?
- She works in the Beijing Hospital.

Grammar

The preposition 在

The preposition 在, together with its object, forms a prepositional construction which is often placed before the verb as an adverbial adjunct.
Examples:
- 我 在 医院 工作 ( I work at the hospital )
- 我 在 大学 上班 ( I work at the university )

The verbal measure word 下

下 is a verbal measure word. The verbal measure words are placed after the verb. 一下 shows that an action lasts for a very short time.
Examples:
- 我 介绍 一下 ( Let me introduce )
- 你 看 一下 ( Have a look ! )

Phrase structure

When a noun is used to modify another noun, it usually doesn't take 的 after it.
Example:
- 北京 医院 : Beijing hospital, and not 北京 的 医院
- 大学 老师 : University teacher
- 公司 职员 : Company employee

Exercises : Substitution Drills

Exercise 1

-
àirén
爱人
zài
jiā
ma ?
吗?

- ( Bú )
(不)
zài.
在。
爷爷yéyegrandfather (paternal)
奶奶nǎinǎigrandmother (paternal)
祖父zǔfùgrandfather
祖母zǔmǔgrandmother
父亲fùqinfather
母亲mǔqinmother
孩子háizichild, children
儿子érzison
女儿nǚ'érdaughter
爸爸bàbadad
妈妈māmamum
哥哥gēgeelder brother
弟弟dìdiyounger brother
姐姐jiějieelder sister
妹妹mèimeiyounger sister

Exercise 2

-
jiā
yǒu
kǒu
rén ?
人?

-
kǒu
rén.
人。
Sub. 1Sub. 2
he
你朋友nǐpéngyouyour friend
张老师ZhānglǎoshīProfessor Zhang
我的同学wǒdetóngxuémy classmate
王小姐WángxiǎojiěMiss Wang

Exercise 3

-
zuò
shénme
什么
gōngzuò ?
工作?

-
shì
dàifu
大夫
.
工程师gōngchéngshīengineer
职员zhíyuánoffice worker
经理jīnglǐmanager
商人shāngrénbusinessman
公司职员gōngsīzhíyuánemployee
公务员gōngwùyuánpublic servant
售货员shòuhuòyuánsale assistant
律师lǜshīlawyer
司机sījīdriver
工人gōngrénworker
农民nóngmínpeasant
服务员fúwùyuánattendant, waiter

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